News

Johannesburg – Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan needs to introduce some changes for provisional taxpayers in his budget next week, the SA Institute of Chartered Accountants (Saica) said on Thursday.

The problem with the provisional tax structure was the underestimate penalty, which was driven off the taxable income numbers without regard to the actual tax paid, Saica said in a statement.

Project director of tax Muneer Hassan said this resulted in penalties being applied irrespective of whether the actual tax paid by the taxpayer was correct, or if it was an overpayment.

Saica recommended that the calculation of the underestimated penalty be amended to take into account the actual tax already paid by the taxpayer.

It said the legislation did not recognise the difference when the recipient was a provisional taxpayer.

“If the taxpayer includes the lump sum, as he or she should in the estimate, the system automatically calculates the tax due for purposes of the provisional payment and the taxpayer ends up having to pay more tax than required,” said Hassan.

He said if a lower estimate was used to calculate the “correct” tax amount, the SA Revenue Service (Sars) could levy penalties for the underestimation of income.

“Sars levies the penalty because the taxable income was underestimated, but the lump sum was in fact already correctly taxed and the tax itself was not underpaid.

“Saica proposes that the law is amended to exclude from the estimated taxable income for purposes of provisional tax for both kinds of retirement fund lump sum benefits and also the severance benefits,” said Hassan.

Other areas of concern included that retirement lump sums and severance benefits were subject to tax at rates differing from those for other taxable income.

AT FIRST glance, Fraserburg in the Karoo appears lost in time, its wide dusty main street almost deserted except for the occasional farmer’s bakkie, scattered shops offering essential provisions and groups of locals taking refuge from the heat beneath one of the few trees.

At about 200km from Beaufort West, the nearest town of any size, and more than 100km from the N1, Fraserburg is not on a route to anywhere except other even smaller towns and vast sheep farms. It is not a common destination, save for those who come to delve back in time and witness one of the most spectacular palaeosurfaces in the Karoo.

We arrive largely by chance while travelling in the Karoo and having met a Capetonian who owns a house in the town and recommended we visit the dinosaur footprints on a nearby farm. Don-Pedro Malan, curator of the museum and in charge of tourism, is accommodating and offers to show us around.

According to Malan, visitors come from all over the world and he proves it by showing us entries in the museum’s visitor’s book from Hawaii, New Zealand, Mexico, Cuba, Spain, Jamaica, and the list goes on.

Together we head out of town on a gravel road for a few minutes until we reach the farm of Gansfontein, where Malan unlocks the gate and directs us along a farm track until we come across a fenced-off outcrop of flat rocks. Here, Malan points out a clear line in the rock, which he refers to as the tail drag of a dinosaur. Not far off are several trackways of large four-footed, five-toed mammal-like reptiles known as dinocephalians and a single set of stubby-toed prints probably made by a primitive reptile known as Bradysaurus. He kneels down and pours water into the print to make it stand out clearly from the surrounding rock. In other areas the surface is so trampled that individual trackways are not as clear, although another section clearly displays “squelch prints” of a large reptile that walked through a patch of soft mud.

Apart from the numerous trace fossils, an array of other structures can be seen as a result of flooding in the area. These include ripples from the current, prod and scrape marks and patches of small pebbles caused by run-off.

Malan explains that these surfaces were originally deposited about 250-million years ago. It is difficult to imagine these primitive creatures roaming what is now a harsh and flat Karoo Hoogland landscape with no living creature to be seen other than sheep scratching among the dry clumps of grass. However, the discovery of the site is much more recent, having been made only after a farm dam burst to reveal the surfaces. Geologists excavated the area in 1984 and it was opened to the public in 1990. Fraserburg authorities are trying to preserve the area and hope to build a covered boardwalk to protect the surfaces from wear and from the rain. Malan says they are “actively looking for funding and hope to interest the private sector in the project”.

Of course nothing else in Fraserburg dates back as far as the dinosaurs but there are other objects of historical interest. The pepperpot, so named because it has the appearance of a giant pepper shaker, is a hexagonal structure that is unique in South Africa and has, as a result, become the symbol of Fraserburg. About nine metres high and made of stone, it was built in 1861 and is now a national monument.

The bell that once hung in the tower is long gone, although the crossbar that supported it can still be seen.

The building served at various times as a magistrate’s office, the market master’s office, was the first library, and the town clerk worked from the building. Next to the pepperpot is the infamous curfew bell, used to sound the beginning and ending of curfew hours for the coloured people of the town during apartheid.

While we photograph the buildings, a curious resident emerges from a house across the road. Daniel Johnson-Barker has lived here with his artist partner, Debbi Morkel, for four years, having left Cape Town’s city life for the peace of the country. However, he bemoans that they are the last English speakers in the town. “All the others have moved on, finding life in Fraserburg too quiet and remote for their liking.”

He had hoped we were looking for property so that the English-speaking population would double.

However, it was the remoteness that appealed to retired neurologist Roland Eastman, who owns a holiday home in town and enjoys the company of colleagues who have bought in the same street and find it the ideal getaway. “The area is referred to as ‘die harde man se Karoo’ (hard man’s Karoo) due to its low rainfall and harsh conditions. But we found its sedimentary geology and consequent plant and bird life interesting,” he says.

A different kind of house is to be found in the park in the centre of town.

This is a corbelled house, which resembles a weaver bird’s nest. It was removed from the veld and rebuilt in the town as an attraction.

Based on a Mediterranean design, it is made entirely of flat stone, including the roof. Such houses were only built in the Karoo by trekkers when there was no timber available for trusses. Visitors can stay in restored corbelled houses on nearby farms. The old vicarage, built in 1856, where Malan is based, is a museum and national monument and still has its original yellowwood floor and some of the original yellowwood ceiling boards.

The energetic seeking a challenge should consider visiting Fraserburg in August, when there is the opportunity of taking part in the annual ice swim in the nearby Nuwe Dam. According to competitive rules, the one-mile swim has to be undertaken in water colder than 5° C. Last year it was 3,9° C.

For those needing to warm up after that, Fraserburg, despite its small size, is not without comfortable accommodation, with several guest houses competing for overseas and local visitors’ business, and two restaurants offering basic local cooking.

• To visit the palaeosurface at Gansfontein farm call Fraserburg Info on (023) 741-1012. The cost is R10 a person. Entrance to the museum is R5 a person.

2012-02-16 15:44

Cape Town – The US non-governmental organisation Water Defence, headed by actor Mark Ruffalo, has joined forces with the Treasure Karoo Action Group (TKAG) against hydraulic fracturing.

The coalition said on Thursday that TKAG chair Jonathan Deal would take up a non-executive director’s seat on the board of Water Defence, while Ruffalo would do the same on TKAG.

“We intend to co-operate with and support TKAG on all levels, including ensuring that fundraising efforts are directed where they are most needed,” Ruffalo said.

“It is a fact that environmental NGO’s have to oppose global giant corporations who have virtually unlimited budgets to push their corporate agendas.”

Deal said the coalition was “one of the most exciting accomplishments in the anti-fracking fight”.

Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking as it is commonly known, involves injecting a mixture of chemicals into the earth at high pressure to free natural gas.

The TKAG believes this will harm the sensitive Karoo environment and poison underground water.

Fracking is banned or under some form of moratorium or restriction in 108 places and five countries.

2012-02-17 22:25

Cape Town – The arid Karoo region provides a unique opportunity for city dwellers to do some stargazing with uninterrupted views of the night sky.

CapeNature has established after-dark activities at Anysberg Nature Reserve, close to Laingsburg in the Karoo, where visitors can enjoy views of the night sky without any of the light pollution common to urban environments.

“Our new stargazing activity enables people to enjoy the heavens in all their splendour. Typically on a ‘night out’ at Anysberg one can expect to spot mammals including steenbok, gemsbok, red hartebeest and the endangered Cape mountain zebra.  Now visitors can also explore the night sky on a stargazing platform, complete with telescopes, interpretation and even trained guides,” said CapeNature manager of tourism infrastructure, Wilfred Williams.

The Karoo is ideal for astronomy because the area is dry and underdeveloped.

This contributes significantly to viewing the night sky, and was one of the main reasons the Southern African Large Telescope (Salt) was situated in Sutherland.

The reserve also boasts archaeological sites, rock art and ruins dating from the 1700s, as well as trails and a dam to explore on mountain bikes and kayaks.

Southern Cape police’s Malcolm Pojie on Tuesday said the investigation into a taxi accident that claimed the lives of 19 people on Prins Albert Road in the Karoo was almost complete.

Two taxis ploughed into the side of a stationary truck on the N1 in November last year.

It was initially speculated that the taxis may have been dicing, but that has not been confirmed.

It is understood one taxi driver died, while the other survived.

Pojie said their probe is drawing to a close.

“We have one statement outstanding. As soon as that has been obtained we will submit it to the Director of Public prosecution who will make a decision on whether anyone should be charged or prosecuted.”

(Edited by Lisa Bartlett)

 

Science and technology director general Phil Mjwara said on
Wednesday that if South Africa won the bid, billions of rand would flow into the
local economy.

After updating Parliament’s science and technology portfolio
committee on the bid process, he noted that the cost of building dishes for the
MeerKat radio telescope, in the Karoo, was about R1 billion.

“If we’re spending about R1bn on 64 dishes, you can imagine that
if all of the dishes for the SKA are going to be manufactured here — about 3000
dishes — you can just do the maths. So huge resources are going to flow into
South Africa,” Mjwara said.

“But it’s not just going to be the huge resources; it’s the
intellectual capital that’s going to flow in, with all the spin-offs in terms of
some of the ICT and processing technology that we need for the country.”

Asked if it would be correct to say the SKA would provide a
multi-billion rand boost to the South African economy, he replied: “That would
not be an exaggeration.”

Earlier, the committee heard that the April 4 decision would be
made by four countries: China, Italy, the Netherlands and the United
Kingdom.

For South Africa to win, three of these four SKA founding-member
countries need to vote in its favour.

Science and technology’s deputy director general for research,
development and innovation Val Munsami told MPs that if there was no clear-cut
decision on April 4, deciding which country hosted the SKA could become a
“prolonged process”.

He said this could involve a second round of voting, six weeks
after the first.

If there was still no decision, there would then be “some sort of
negotiation” process, involving further inputs from the two bidders.

MPs were advised on Wednesday not to focus on the “noise” coming
out of Australia on the SKA bid.

Mjwara told them South Africa was focusing on “things we are
doing well”.

These included the country having better infrastructure in place
around the proposed core site, near Carnarvon in the Northern Cape.

Media reports in Australia have stressed its political and
economic stability, and have been interpreted as a swipe at South Africa and its
partners.

While the SKA core site will be built in South Africa — if the
country’s bid succeeds — many of the receiving dishes for the radio telescope
will be spread across eight other African countries.

These are Botswana, Ghana, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique,
Namibia, Kenya and Zambia.

The SKA gets its name from the fact that the total radiowave
receiving area of its 3000 satellite dishes adds up to one square kilometre.

Although about half of the dishes will be concentrated in a five
kilometre wide core region, the rest are to be located further out, some up to
3000km away.

Astronomers believe the power of the instrument — the SKA will
be 50 times more powerful than any previous radio telescope — will help them
unlock some of the universe’s biggest mysteries, including the origin of dark
energy and whether Einstein’s gravitational waves really exist.

Mjwaru said South Africa had been “engaging with China” on
partnerships around the SKA.

He also suggested that the estimated cost of the international
project, Euro 1.5 billion, might be too low.

“We are making contributions into the costing of the SKA… from
the work done by the SKA project office in South Africa, we are of the opinion
that the 3000 dishes we are going to be building, the Euro 1.5 billion may not
be adequate,” he said.

Meanwhile, according to media reports, Australia’s science
minister Chris Evans is to travel to China and Italy this week to make his
country’s case to international authorities.

Australia is in partnership with New Zealand in its bid to build
the SKA.

Shamwari Game Reserve in the Eastern Cape, and Sanbona Wildlife Reserve in the Klein Karoo outside Cape Town, now offer  a unique walking experience dubbed the ‘Explorer Camp’, offering guests an opportunity to explore wilderness areas on a two-day walking safari. Overnight accommodation is in mobile tents that offer a night under the stars in Big 5 territory!

The Shamwari Explorer will operate throughout the year while the Sanbona Explorer will operate from October until April each year.

The mobile canvas tents sleep a maximum of two people each. All meals are included and special meals can be catered for when required.

Guests are required to be fit enough to walk at least four hours a day, and age restrictions do apply. 

For more information, visit www.shamwarigroup.com.

Published in: Legalbrief Environmental
Date: Tue 14 February 2012
Category: General
Issue No: 0248

2012-02-15 19:31

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Land

Cape Town – Freedom Front Plus leader Pieter Mulder gave the hornet’s nest of land ownership a sharp political poke in Parliament on Wednesday

He suggested that black “Bantu-speaking” people had no historical claim to 40% of the country.

“Africans in particular never in the past lived in the whole of South Africa,” he said during debate in the National Assembly on last week’s State of the Nation address.

Mulder’s remarks provoked an angry buzz from ruling party benches, which rose in pitch when he then explained: “There is sufficient proof that there were no Bantu-speaking people in the Western Cape and north western Cape.”

These areas formed 40% of South Africa’s land surface, he told MPs.

Mulder serves in President Jacob Zuma‘s Cabinet as deputy agriculture minister.

He was responding to the president’s statement in his address on Thursday, that the willing-buyer willing-seller option had “not been the best way to address” land redistribution.

Emotional issue

Mulder said the question of land ownership was an emotional issue that had caused many wars.

In the South African context, Bantu-speaking people had moved down the continent from Africa’s equatorial regions, while Europeans had moved up from the Cape. They had met at the Kei River, in the present-day Eastern Cape.

“There are also differences of opinion about the influence of the Difaqane on land ownership. Read the diaries of the Voortrekkers about what they found when they moved into the interior,” he told MPs.

The Sotho word Difaqane is the term used by historians for a period of internecine warfare involving various tribal groups in the interior of southern Africa during the early to middle 19th century.

Mulder took issue with land ownership figures cited by Zuma in his address.

“The President quotes in his address the department of rural development’s figures on land reform.

“According to [these], white people possessed 87% of the land, and the government had reached only 8% of its 30% [land reform] target. I seriously differ from these figures.

Land audit

“How does the department calculate the eight percent? There isn’t a completed land audit against which we could correlate these facts.”

The Development Bank of SA calculated in 2001 that 44% of the country’s land belonged to whites, 20% to blacks, 9% to brown people and 1% to Asians.

“The way in which the department has calculated the 30% and 8% figures creates the impression that they are setting themselves up to fail.”

Mulder said he seriously differed with the claim that white people had stolen land.

Referring to Zuma’s remarks on the willing-buyer willing-seller option, he said that, in plain language, this meant the government now believed in the nationalisation of agricultural land.

However, anyone who had dealt with land reform knew the problem was not with the willing-buyer-willing-seller principle.

Disasterous

“The problem is the disastrous way land reform is being applied. There are many letters on my desk from white commercial farmers, who have offered their land to the department and received no reply.”

There were also many letters from white commercial farmers who had concluded sales agreements with the department and gone bankrupt three years later because the department had not paid them out.

Mulder asked why the department of rural development did not buy farms in the Kalahari and Karoo.

“In the Karoo and Kalahari, huge farms are available. Why does the department not buy some of that land to reach their 30% quicker? These semi-desert lands are, however, added to the 87% propaganda percentage as white land.”

Mulder said he hoped there would come a time when both white and black commercial farmers did not have to look for opportunities elsewhere in Africa.

“I dream of white and black commercial farmers who do not have to go to Africa for opportunities. The children who were born in 1994 are 18 years old this year and can vote. They only know an ANC government,” he said.

“There is no reason why such a child should not be able to buy a farm or obtain a bursary, just because he or she is white. Yet this is still happening.”

Mulder’s speech proved too much for Defence Minister Lindiwe Sisulu, who, after he finished speaking, leapt to her feet and demanded to know whether it was Parliamentary for a member “to blatantly distort history”.

Speaker Max Sisulu dismissed this, saying it was a point of information, not a point of order.

Staff Writer

MyBroadband’s Staff Writer is directly plugged into the South African Internet backbone, and spits out press releases and other news as he receives it. …

A local developer has won R50,000 for an addictive sheep game for the Windows Phone platform

Local developer Justin Southey’s “The Most Addicting Sheep Game” grabbed the honors in Microsoft’s Windows Phone Application Development competition, netting him R50,000 in the process.

“The Most Addicting Sheep Game”, which features sounds from real sheep based on a Karoo farm, has received 450 downloads so far by local and international Windows Phone users.

Other apps to feature strongly in the competition included a News24 app, which was a firm favourite for the business user. Judges enjoyed the “fresh” interface, specifically designed for Windows Phone devices, and the fact that it allows users to easily access the latest news, sport, finance and lifestyle content from the section’s screen and shows up-to-the-minute articles from 24.com’s various brands.

Another favorite was Torchbear, a social media information sharing tool that is represented by a “passing of the torch”. Users can tell where the torch has travelled and how many people have passed it as well as to where.

Also featuring strongly was Mosaic, which allows users to build mosaics using the pictures on their phone.

Southey initially designed “The Most Addicting Sheep Game” for Xbox Indie using tutorials online and sold almost 10 000 copies of the game within its first year of release. When he heard about the Windows Phone App competition, he decided to reconfigure it for Windows Phone.

“It took quite a lot of redesigning to make the game look and feel at home on a touch screen, but the response has been so worth it and the developer tools that are easily available online are fantastically user friendly, which made the journey a simple one,” said Southey.

“The Most Addicting Sheep Game” was a favorite among the judges for a variety of reasons,” says Microsoft’s Suliman Noor-Mahomed. “Not only is it incredibly addictive but it is also a quality app, with the design, structure, multi-gestures, movement and sound all being seamlessly integrated.”

Clifford de Wit, developer and platform lead at Microsoft SA, says the biggest thing to come from this exercise is the proof that the South African developer market is actually far larger than people realize and says this competition marks the start of a focused drive to highlight the talent inherent to this country.

“The talent that lies within our borders is astronomical and we really can’t wait to see how local developers take advantage of a new platform,” said de Wit.

Tags: Active, Clifford de Wit, Justin Southey, Microsoft, Windows Phone

2012-02-13 22:34

An impression of what the final design will look like. (Picture provided)

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Duncan Alfreds

Cape Town – As South Africa waits for a decision on the country that will win the bid to host the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) telescope, engineers are confident that the MeerKAT will go ahead.

“MeerKAT gets built, whether we win the SKA or not. If we win the SKA, things will change and we will have to re-plan a bit, but what we did was to align MeerKAT pretty close to the mainstream SKA thinking so that we’ll be in a position to expand MeerKAT into an SKA Phase 1,” MeerKAT project manager Willem Esterhuyse told News24.

The SKA will be structured in phases, beginning with 250 antennas in Phase 1, until it reaches a final total of over 3 000 linked radio telescopes that will give astronomers an unprecedented view of the night sky, going back billions of years.

A decision is expected in February, but it might be as late as April 2012.

MeerKAT (Karoo Array Telescope) will consist of 64 linked radio dishes near Carnarvon in the Northern Cape province and will, in niche areas, be the most sensitive instrument of its kind.

Design review

“If we don’t get SKA, MeerKAT still gets built; we have had confirmation of that on quite a few occasions from our steering committee and from the minister,” Esterhuyse said.

Minister of Science and Technology Naledi Pandor said that MeerKAT was a boost for astronomy in Africa.

“We will build MeerKAT, but we have an exciting initiative that we’re currently trying to promote on the continent. That of building a VLBI [Very Long Baseline Interferometer] of radio satellites connected across the African continent and linking in to the VLBI network in Europe as well as the Americas,” Pandor told News24.

In 2011, a design review praised the development of the MeerKAT as well as the site in the Karoo which has been designated a radio reserve by the Astronomy Geographic Advantage Act of 2007.

“We’ve got a green light for MeerKAT. In July of last year we had our system PDR [preliminary design review]. We had an international panel of experts; they were very complimentary of our efforts so far and we’re out on tender now for some of the infrastructure components,” Esterhuyse said.

Tenders for the construction of more roads and a landing strip on site has been put out and the infrastructure on the site is being developed.

“We’ve just released a tender for the MeerKAT antenna structures; so MeerKAT is happening as we speak.

“They will break soil on infrastructure this year; the first antenna we will probably start working on site in 2013 and essentially hand it over to our system engineering side toward August of 2013,” said Esterhuyse.

The project is scheduled for completion in 2016 and represents a technical challenge for the South African engineers. The design of the dishes, and most of the underlying technology, is South African innovation.

“So from the end of 2013 from an engineering side, we will be pretty much done with it and then hand over to the scientists to verify it on a scientific level,” Esterhuyse said.

– Follow Duncan on Twitter
 

Jonathan Khambula is dynamite in his one-man show Cockroach at the upcoming Suidoosterfees.

THIS year, the CEO of Die Burger’s Suidoosterfees, Niel Le Roux, says it will be a festival of love, not only because it starts on Valentine’s Day with a romantic dance in the chandelier foyer of Artscape, but because the theme of love permeates this annual arts festival.

“There’s the love of a mother and daughter in Viva la Mamma, the love between mother and son in My Name is Ellen Pakkies and Bye Ma Jaypee, and the love/hate for Metrorail in Train Smash,” explains Le Roux.

“The opera Viva la Mamma is an outstanding opera production with the Wagner Society and Lara Bye as the innovative director. And there’s comedian Casper de Vries – who rarely does festivals – who has compiled a special show for us. I also highly recommend Jonas. It is sad, relevant and spiritual.”

Auriol Hays, the husky-voiced jazz sensation performs together with a host of choir singers from Bonteheuwel with the Church of Resurrection Anglican Choir to the Koue Bokkeveld with Kromun Koor. Walter Battiss, who died 30 years ago, is celebrated and commemorated in an art exhibition.

A highlight is a concert in association with kykNET to mark opera legend Mimi Coertse’s 80th birthday this year. Other performers include Rocco de Villiers, Bobby van Jaarsveld, Juanita du Plessis and Shimmy Isaacs.

There are plays that tackle sex trafficking and tell stories about our West Coast fishermen.

Celeste Slabber-Loriston in Gif on February 17 and 18 at 1pm and 6pm

There’s a musical production set in the central Karoo, there’s cabaret, comedy and children’s entertainment.

Die Burger/RSG Tent will provide free entertainment by up-and-coming local singers. The festival features a wonderful line-up of entertainment including jazz, classical music, gospel music, theatre, comedy and visual arts.

The festival, now in its ninth year, celebrates and creatively develops Western Cape Afrikaans culture and heritage, as well as encouraging social diversity and national unity through Afrikaans.

“Our festival philosophy is to create an arts festival that reflects the diverse Cape cultures for all to enjoy seamlessly,” said Le Roux.

With the inclusion of new theatrical productions like the first African performance of Viva la Mamma, an isiXhosa drama and Jonathan Khambula’s riveting piece Cockroach, Suidoosterfees is stretching cultural diversity further and this should be encouraged in the future for healthy cross-pollination of our cultures and breaking down cultural barriers.

“We want this festival to be affordable, accessible, and include all races, class, language, religious and age groups,” added Le Roux.

Ringo Star sings on February 18 at 8.30pm

INLSA

Part of the festival’s innovative outreach includes bringing in farm workers and local gospel and choir groups from across the province.

It also seeks to offer opportunities to develop and nurture young and up-coming artists, and enables them to premiere new works.

The festival has grown considerably since its inception, with an annual attendance of over 20 000.

The festival does not have a creative director, but a programme committee who compile a programme that reflects their mission and attempts to present all art genres of music theatre visual arts film and dance.

“It’s a fantastic challenge to present new works on stage and exhibitions of a world class standard, that we have to gauge what everyone will want to see!” said Le Roux.

l The Suidoosterfees will run from Tuesday to February 19. For the full programme, see www.suidoosterfees.co.za Call 021 446 1558. Book at Computicket at 0861 915 8000.

Odidiva, vamps it up on February 17 and 18 at 9.30pm and 9pm.

The Department of Science and Technology (DST) promotes science research across a wide spectrum of science and technology disciplines, from quantum physics to health sciences, and fields from nanotechnology to biotechnology.

During the past year government ramped up its bid to host the Square Kilometre Array (SKA).

SKA is one of the great astronomy projects of the 21st century and it’s a project on which South Africans collaborate with scientists from many other countries.

South Africa is competing against Australia and New Zealand to host this groundbreaking radio telescope that will cost €1.5bn (R15bn) to build. Winning the SKA bid will consolidate Africa’s position as a world astronomy hub.

Specific attention has been given to nurturing the scientific strengths already built upon the back of South Africa’s geographical position – our skies, oceans, earth that contains the Cradle of Humankind – while developing new and emerging technologies necessary and critical for economic and social development.

The DST is working with the Department of Trade and Industry (the South African Renewable Energy Initiative) and the Department of Economic Development (IDC) to build solar, wind and wave industries – and most prominently in astronomy where the spin-off industries in IT have the potential to employ many science graduates.

During the last year African and global collaborations have expanded to 60 well-crafted international research and development partnerships. One example is BioFISA, a national and regional collaboration that includes 12 SADC member states, with a hub at the CSIR.

Despite significant achievements, the big challenge is on the human capital front. South Africa is not producing enough scientists and steps have been taken to boost university science.

The flagship programme, the SA Research Chairs Initiative, is being expanded – doubled from a R200m a year to a R400m a year programme – and strengthened, appealing to international scientists and South Africans in the diaspora.

It is critically important to invest in established researchers so as to assure South Africa’s international competitiveness in research and innovation, while also helping to solve some of the country’s problems in reducing the burden of disease such as HIV and TB.

Science and technology contributes to South Africa’s impressive standing in recent world rankings of innovation and competitiveness. In the Global Innovation Index South Africa came second to Mauritius in the sub-Saharan region.

In the Global Competitiveness Index the country led the sub-Saharan region, ranked 50th out of 142 countries in the world.

South Africa also ranks second out of the five BRICS countries.