Kingdom

Image from page 54 of “The museum of natural history, with introductory essay on the natural history of the primeval world : being a popular account of the structure, habits, and classification of the various departments of the animal kingdom, quadrupeds,

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Identifier: museumofnaturalh21869rich
Title: The museum of natural history, with introductory essay on the natural history of the primeval world : being a popular account of the structure, habits, and classification of the various departments of the animal kingdom, quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, shells, and insects, including the insects destructive to agriculture
Year: 1869 (1860s)
Authors: Richardson, John, Sir, 1787-1865 Dallas, W. S. (William Sweetland), 1824-1890 Cobbold, T. Spencer (Thomas Spencer), 1828-1886 Baird, William, 1803-1872 White, Adam, 1817-1879 Kellogg, Remington, 1892-1969, former owner. DSI Library of Congress, former owner. DSI
Subjects: Zoology
Publisher: London Glasgow Edinburgh : William MacKenzie
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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n, and that bothwere destroyed by the Great Being with his annihilatingthunders. The native Indians of Virginia had a some-what similar legend. As these huge elephants preyedupon all the other animals created to supply the wants ofthe Indians, God the Thunderer destroyed them, onlyone succeeding in escaping the terrible bolts. This wasthe great male, which presented its head to the thun-derbolts, and shook them otf as they fell; but being atlength woiuided in the side, he fled towards the greatlakes, wdiere he remains concealed unto this day. From these simple fictions we may, at all events,infer that the Mastodon has flourished upon earth at no NATURAL HISTORY OF THE PRIMEVAL WORLD. very remote epocli. In trulli, it was contemporaneouswith the luamniotli, and tlie latter, if he did not live atthe same time as the earliest human races, precededthem hut by a very brief interval. It was Cuvier who distinguished the great quadrupedfrom the living elephant by pointing out its osteological

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^silN. ^ Mastujon restored. differences, and appropriately named it the Maslodnn,or teat-like toothed animal, from the Greek ij^aarog, a teat, and 63ouj, a tooth. As we have said, its habits were herbivorous. Itdoubtlessly lived on the banks of great rivers and onmoist and marshy lands. Besides the Mastodon gicjan-tnis there flourished a less formidable species, one-thirdenialler than the elephant, which ranged over nearlyall Europe. At this period (and also in the Miocene) the Apesmake their appearance. In the ossiferous beds of Sau-sun were discovered the Pitheoua antiquus, and theDryopithecns. At Pikerni, in Greece, have been foundthe entire skeleton of a Mesopilhecus, whose generalorganization resembled that of the dog-faced baboon,or mandrill. The hippopotamus, tapir, and camel of the Pleio-cene period were not distinguished by any remarkablecharacters. The horse, the ox, and the deer resembledtheir successors of the same genera in all importantfeatures; the horse, however, did n

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Image from page 42 of “The museum of natural history, with introductory essay on the natural history of the primeval world : being a popular account of the structure, habits, and classification of the various departments of the animal kingdom, quadrupeds,

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Identifier: museumofnaturalh21869rich
Title: The museum of natural history, with introductory essay on the natural history of the primeval world : being a popular account of the structure, habits, and classification of the various departments of the animal kingdom, quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, shells, and insects, including the insects destructive to agriculture
Year: 1869 (1860s)
Authors: Richardson, John, Sir, 1787-1865 Dallas, W. S. (William Sweetland), 1824-1890 Cobbold, T. Spencer (Thomas Spencer), 1828-1886 Baird, William, 1803-1872 White, Adam, 1817-1879 Kellogg, Remington, 1892-1969, former owner. DSI Library of Congress, former owner. DSI
Subjects: Zoology
Publisher: London Glasgow Edinburgh : William MacKenzie
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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on contiinies in our owu time through thenever-ceasing labours of the corallines, whose opera-lions, as shown in the atolh of the Pacific, may bedestined one day to create a new continent. We pass now to the sub-period known as the MiddleOolitic. Then first appeared on the fluent earth cer-tain new types of hemipterous insects, and the Beeswandered from flower to flower in quest of honied trea-sures. Then, too, among the Lepidoplcra, came thebright glancing wings of the Butterflies, and among theNeuroptera, the sparkling Dragon-flies shot throughthe warm air like sparks of light. The Pterodactylestill perched on its leafy bouglis; in the ocean-watersroamed the voracious Tchthyosaurus and Plesiosanrus;on the marshy shore wallowed the huge Megalosaurus;the gigantic Chelonia haunted the river banks, and thewoods and plains were tenanted by Tguanodons, Am-phitheria, and Phascolotheria. At this epoch, moreover, flourished a reptile alliedto the marvellous and apparently anomalous Pterodac-

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Ramplioryncluis restored. One quarter natural size. tyle. This was the RampJiorhynchus, distinguishedfrom the latter by its long tail. In size it resembledthe e.Nisting crow. Its powers of flight, however, werevery limited; it did not really fly, but making use ofthe natural parachute formed by the membrane whichcoiuiected its fingers with its body, it flung itself froma height upon its prey. Of another family of reptiles, abundant in the MiddleOolite, we had a glimpse in the earlier age of the GreatOolite, the Tdcosaurtis, which a German writer has de-scribed as the great baron of the kingdom of Neptune,armed to the teeth, and clothed in an impenetrablepanoply; the true pirate or freebooter of the primevalseas. In its anatomical structure it bore a close resem-blance to the existing Gavial, or Gangetic crocodile,but certain modifications peculiarly adapted it for amarine life. Both surfaces of the vertebriB were slightlyconcave. Its hind legs were singularly large and strong,the ante

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Image from page 165 of “The museum of natural history, with introductory essay on the natural history of the primeval world : being a popular account of the structure, habits, and classification of the various departments of the animal kingdom, quadrupeds

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Identifier: museumofnaturalh31869rich
Title: The museum of natural history, with introductory essay on the natural history of the primeval world : being a popular account of the structure, habits, and classification of the various departments of the animal kingdom, quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, shells, and insects, including the insects destructive to agriculture
Year: 1869 (1860s)
Authors: Richardson, John, Sir, 1787-1865 Dallas, W. S. (William Sweetland), 1824-1890 Cobbold, T. Spencer (Thomas Spencer), 1828-1886 Baird, William, 1803-1872 White, Adam, 1817-1879 Kellogg, Remington, 1892-1969, former owner. DSI Library of Congress, former owner. DSI
Subjects: Zoology
Publisher: London Glasgow Edinburgh : William MacKenzie
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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About This Book: Catalog Entry
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mals with more ardour, andthe practice of towing small nets after ships has becomefrequent, the Scopeles have been discovered in all partsof the ocean. They are very brilliant little fislics,ornamented by rows of enchased spots on the sides,that look like strings of pearls. Family XIL—GALAXIDANS {Galaxidai). This small family belongs to the fresh waters ofAustralia, Tasmania, New Zealand, the Falklands, andPatagonia, and has received from Europeans visitingor settling in those countries the name of Trouts.The Galaxidans have in fact to the nninstructed eye theaspect of the river trout, being similarly spotted onthe sides; but they have no scales, and want the adiposefin. The premaxillaries do not reach the corner of themouth, but neither does the maxillary form that partof the margin of the orifice, a thick fold of the ujiperlip interposing. Strong teeth arm the jaws, some ofthem so much more prominent than the others as toobtain the name of canines ; and strong curved ones Fig, 39.

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Gag-tootbed Galaiias (Galaxias brocchus). exist on the roof of the mouth and on the tongue.All the members of the family are comprised in thegenus Galaxias. Family XIII.—HYODONTS {IlyodontUla;). This is a group of three genera which Linna;uswould have merged in his great genua Clupea, and which, together with the family that immediatelysucceeds it, is still a part of the Clupeoids of somomore modern ichthyologists. The Ilyodonts havecompressed bodies ; acutely-keeled bellies; without ser-ratures; and pancreatic caeca, though few in number.Their stomachs are siphonal; and their mouths areparticularly well armed with teeth on tlie jaws, vomer,palatines, presphenoids, lingual and hyoid bones. They Mackoptebous Abdomisals.- -FISHES.- -Amidass. 151 arc handsome small fishes, of comparatively little cco-iiomio value. Tlie genera are—Osieoglosswn; Ischnosovia; and Hi/odon;sncli species as inhabit the waters of the United States beingcalled Gold-eyes, Toothed Herrings, Moon-eyed Herrings,

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